Women s Civil Rights Of Saudi Arabia And Consultative...

Key Stakeholders: The main stakeholders who have the purview as well as ability to act upon Women s civil rights challenges in Saudi Arabia are: The king of Saudi Arabia, Consultative Council (Majlis Alshura), The Council of Senior Scholars, The National Society for Human Rights, Human Rights Advocates, The Media, Saudi Ultra-Conservatives and the Saudi women themselves. See the matrix below to get more information about it: Policy Analysis Current Situation: As the researcher mentioned above some of Saudi Arabian citizens still look down upon women and they still believe that home is the best place for women. On the contrary, Saudi government seeks the change and has taken many steps forward. One of the most important changes that influenced Saudi women in the previous decade has been the empowerment of women to participate in political process. In the recent years, Saudi human rights advocates have been advocating women s right to vote and to participate in municipal elections. Among those advocates is Saudi s Academic and human rights activist Dr.Hatoon Alfassi. Dr Alfassi confirmed to the Monte Carlo International Radio that the demands for women s participation in municipal elections as candidates and voters began to demand in 2004, is the same year that marked the beginning of the establishment of the municipal elections in Saudi Arabia. Indeed, allowing women to participate in the municipal elections is not enough to promote their rights.† (Saudi Arabia:Show MoreRelatedSaudi Women s Participation For Public Atmosphere1281 Words   |  6 Pages Saudi Women s Participation in Public Atmosphere Introduction The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the most influential countries in The Middle East. It is also a key member of the Gulf Countries Cooperation, amalgamation of monarchies in the Arabian Peninsula. Saudi Arabia is currently ruled by King Salman Al-Saud was crowned as the King on January 23, 2015. Saudi Arabia is also the cofounder of The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), which plays a significant rule in the

Capitalism And Feminism A Form Of An Economic And Social...

Capitalism is a form of an economic and social organisation characterised by the profit motive and the control of the means of production, distribution and the exchange of goods by private ownership Knox, P. and Marston, S. (2014). Capitalisation creates opportunity to build global trading relationships and financial institutions that have an impact on national and regional economies. Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies that share a common goal to create change by establishing the equality of genders to ensure that women are treated fairly in the social, political and economical environments. The purpose of this essay is to establish the problems and potentials that arise from Capitalism and Feminism that have emerged as a result of globalisation and how feminism is helping to overcome issues of inequality that have emerged in the everyday living of women in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a country located in South Asia it is bordered by the country of India (Figure 1.1) . 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Reflective Report on Group Work Free Essays

string(244) " time at a particular place was a whole other project in itself as of course each member had other work pieces to deal with at the same time, which needed the same amount of due care and attention as the ‘Lush’ event presentation required\." Reflection on group work Project Content |Page | |Content |2 | |Introduction |3 | |The Group |3 | |My role in the Group |4 | |Difficult encountered during the group work |5 | |The Presentation |7 | |Conclusion |8 | |References |9 | Introduction When effective group management and high organisation skills are applied, group work can bring students a wide range of skills and abilities related to people and problem solving. Group work demonstrates student’s capacity to communicate effectively, share and consider opinions, establish trust, analyse the group process, resolve conflicts and also develop their creativity. However, the constructive learning and beneficial results does not always come as a result of group work. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective Report on Group Work or any similar topic only for you Order Now For instance, if the students can not perceive the objective of the group work in order to achieve a common goal, or to lay back or believe that the work load can be relied on other members of the group making the individual work less and still get an equal grade, the educational benefits can result in frustration and arguments as well as leading the whole group to a state of stress and anxiety. This essay reflects on my own participation towards ‘Lush Project’ as a project director, also how I contributed in interpreting  and  researching  the  Lush  Brief,  as  well  as my participation with the  final  presentation. It also discusses the difficulties that emerged throughout the group work; things that went well regards to the preparation and the areas that could have been improved upon. The Group A group can be defined in various ways, for instance; Charles Handy (1993, p. 150) identified a group as â€Å"any collection of people who perceive themselves to be a group† in order to interact with one another. The group then is likely to go through a number of structures which cover forming the group, the group passing from an undeveloped concept to a mature conception then going through a â€Å"variety of stages from mutual acceptance and membership to control and organisation† (Culliname, J. , 2007, p. 628)). My group went though the ‘Tuckman’ structure which is defined as ‘forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning’. Forming – initially the group was formed of seven students from the same class. There was no deliberation as to who would be in what group. There were only seven in the class and we were given the assignment to research the company ‘Lush’ and from our findings we were to stage and run a successful and unique event on behalf of the company. In this stage, the individuals start to know the other members of the group and the group is uncertain of the prospective tasks and there are no rules for the group work leading to a lack of focus and interest. At the norming stage a clearer guideline was given, individuals had the chance to choose the roles in the group and procedures were taken from there. The group consisted of a Project Director, two Logistics Managers, an Account Director, a Finance director and two Creative Directors where all had to come across to an agreement of a name for the group ‘Essence Events’ and where each individual group member would pitch an idea to the rest of the group. At this stage emotion was shown and excitement expressed towards the work we had to do. A timetable for regular meetings was given to each individual of the group by the project director and at each meeting’s ‘minutes’ were taken by one member of the group in order to keep track of the work that had been done. Then comes the performing where the team knew each other and structure and guideline were clear and cohesive. The team now focused on a common goal of developing the ideas for the ‘Lush’ event. At the beginning of this stage, all members of the group were getting together regularly and were constructing and expanding ideas for the project as well as for the presentation. However, unfortunately the group did not stay this way for very long. Distraction and lack of interest emerged bringing the whole group down to anxiety and disagreement. I as group leader was rather unsuccessful in putting the team together and in demanding more of a serious commitment from them. At this stage, the group should have been able to have delivered a successful project in the form of a presentation. Instead, all the hard work that had been done was diverted into a lack of interest and commitment resulting in a negative consequence. The final stage is the adjourning, where ‘Essence Events’ group disbanded. The idea should be that the group dispersing should get together again and reflect on the group work and see what went well and what did not go well and what should we have done differently. In this case, each member of the group was asked to reflect on the group work on their own which might bring more benefit as an individual. My Role in the Group According to Culliname, J. (2007, p. 566), a leader â€Å"aim to influence and guide others into pursuing particular objectives or visions of the future and to stimulate them into waiting to follow†. A project director has the same principle of leader in the sense of being able to conduct tasks successfully, maintaining teamwork and have a democratic participation leadership on the project. At the outset, as the project director I felt that I would fit into the role easily and would be able to distribute different roles to each member of the group. However, I was on a steep learning curve where I would find out that as group leader not only are you expected to have your own ideas to pitch to the group, but you are expected to salvage the group when an idea goes horribly wrong and the group then turns to you for guidance and a solution of how to rectify such problems. Not only was the actual academic side of the group a shock, but the outside organisation of the group proved to be tough as well. Trying to pin down each member of the group to turn up at a particular time at a particular place was a whole other project in itself as of course each member had other work pieces to deal with at the same time, which needed the same amount of due care and attention as the ‘Lush’ event presentation required. You read "Reflective Report on Group Work" in category "Papers" When separating responsibilities and separate individual projects to each member of the group I was well aware that not only did the writing and research need to be done but we needed to go to ‘Lush’ stores themselves in order to gather further research information to then take back to the group and compile our findings together to make a firm research file from which we could then discuss and sort what was considered to be primary information and what was secondary information. What we did was with each visit to the ‘Lush’ stores we would divide up the responsibilities and each person was responsible for gathering the respective information. The branches of research were mainly creativity, marketing, pricing, PH, promotion and target market. For instance, the marketing section one observation that the group made is that the door to the shop was always open. This was so that the smell of the products would reach the public outside and therefore attract their attention and ultimately attract consumers into the store to purchase the ‘Lush’ products. When we pitched our ideas to the group, one of the group members suggested that we should run the ‘Lush’ event based on the four seasons (winter, summer, autumn and spring). Each section included the right smell of the particular season, the right colour, such as darker heavier colours for the winter seasons and brighter colours for spring and summer. We emphasised the fact that ‘Lush’ does not carry out any tests on animals and that all their products are environmentally friendly and are also all natural products. Difficult encountered during the group work As with any group or team project it is inevitable that at some point throughout the time together there will be a minor or a major hurdle. This being that either one of the group members does not agree with a particular pitch or strongly disagrees with another person’s idea(s). They may even simply not get along with another member of the group. In the ‘Lush’ situation all group members seemed to get along at the beginning, however, soon disagreement and arguments started to emerge on the event’s topic and meetings. As a general rule the ideas for the project were usually chosen by the majority vote of the group. The problems that we as a group faced were ones that we would generally expect to encounter. We as a group suffered from people not attending meetings. This could be down to lack of organisation, however, it is unlikely that this was the case as all members of the group were aware of the time, date and location of the meeting. Some members simply did not turn up and failed to let the rest of the group who had turned up know that they would not be coming. This ultimately could be said down to the group leader, however, the leader can only do so much as the leader cannot be expected to force other members to turn up. As leader I could only send messages, emails and give phone calls and state the importance of the meeting but, could not make the individual turn up. Another problem we faced was as mentioned earlier; there was a lack of interest from certain members, and this pushed its way through the group and affected others as they began to become irritated with the members of the group who, when they would turn up, not doing any work. This issue I addressed as I took the respective group members aside and both explained the situation that they were putting the group in and asked what it was in particular they were not interested in. It became apparent that it was not the idea that they were not interested in, more the fact they simply did not want to share the workload, as they would not turn up to the meetings and hence cause the other members who did turn up to take on their work that they had not done as well as their own part of the project. Being anxious of not being able to complete the project in time for the presentation a few of the group members decided to starting putting the project together even though it seemed to be a lot of work to do for just a few members of the team. Just three days before the presentation all group members seemed to be interested about the work again and a vast improvement was made and the members who previously had failed to turn up, turned up to what was supposed to be the last meeting and the work was again shared â€Å"equally† and finished . This although seemingly positive in the short term for the group project, was relatively short lived as it had come too late and there was a lot of ground to cover in order to deliver our presentation. This created the problem that there was not as much time as we had hoped for. The Presentation The last minute work reflected in our final presentation because as a result there was a distinct lack of practice for the final presentation. The problems during the actual presentation were that due to the lack of practice there was no real deliverance of each member’s part as they had not pre-read their material beforehand and in effect, the actual presentation was more of a reading practice than of the finished article. Our first main practice was about a few hours before the final presentation was due and this was where I as group leader had to explain that I had told the members that this was the situation that we would be in if we carried on the way we were going three weeks prior to the presentation date. This led to a select few of us being able to deliver our part in a professional way, however, rendering the remainder of the project unfinished. We started late as one member who was responsible for the budgeting aspect of our project had failed to complete final checks on their display and as a result during the presentation their part failed to initialise causing a major delay whilst they left and went to go and print off their part to present. Upon reflection, the above situations were somewhat out of my control as group leader as I could not force the members of the group to turn up and do their part, also being unable to reach the other members due to them not answering my messages or simply not answering phone calls left the rest of the group in a hard situation as we were unaware as to whether they were doing their part of the project. These issues as aforementioned were out of my control somewhat, however, I feel that my role as project director was not fully satisfied as I did not quite deliberate responsibilities as much as I might possibly have wanted to if given the same opportunity again. There were many ideas from the group at the outset of the project, however, there was no real development of these ideas and this may have been what caused the lack of guidance from the project leader. Also as group leader it is a challenging situation to be in as it is easy to be forceful and blunt at the beginning of the project, however, I chose perhaps too soft an approach for too long a period and this is what perhaps led to some of the group members failing to keep up to date. Upon reflection, we as a group did deliver our presentation; however, it was not as good as what we originally thought when compiling our ideas. There was a lot of potential for the group and the idea of the ‘Four Seasons’ was something that we felt as a group would enable us to succeed in our endeavours as a group. However, if I am to perform my role correctly, must shoulder the responsibility as it was up to me to have directed the ideas much more thoroughly, and if given the opportunity again, I would most definitely do so, as good judgment comes from experience, and experience comes from bad judgment. For the final presentation, I gave the idea and it was accepted by the group that we should use a flip chart as this mirrored the fact that ‘Lush’ also used natural products. We used a lot of visual representation as we felt that this would be a much more observer friendly method of communicating our ideas across. The pictures that we used were all from magazine cut-outs. At the presentation, we did not have just one sole speaker, each member of the group spoke on their respective areas of responsibility. Myself and another member of the group gave the main introduction to the presentation and a small introduction to each speaker. Due to the lack of practice I was very anxious and tense resulting in a bad opening and followed by the other member of the group. The timing was very accurate and the presentation ended with a simple but effective conclusion followed by answering all direct questions made by the panel. In order to have delivered a better presentation the group should have had better commitment to what the original aim of the group was at the outset of the project. Critically, the leader should have relayed a better understanding of what was expected in order to complete our presentation to a high professional standard. Conclusion According to J. F. Benson (1987, p. 1) Group work in practice â€Å" refers to the conscious, disciplined, and systematic use of knowledge about the processes of collective human interaction, in order to intervene in an informed way, or promote some desired objective in a group setting. † In our group’s presentation, the idea of disciplined knowledge was what we as a group failed to achieve as we were unable to have the entire group in one place every time we arranged a time to meet. Although groups generally elect a leader, there are as always exceptions to the general rule. A group is a team, a democracy, not a dictatorship. A group needs to have its own ideas and aims, so that a high level of morale is maintained throughout the group. If there is one person who decides upon everything with no concept of what it is like to function as a team, the team will fail, due to a lack of interest and commitment. A team needs to work together, else it will fall short of what a group is all about, and a team has more than one person within it. References Benson, J. F. (1987), Working more Creatively with Groups, Routledge. Brandler, S. and Roman, P. C. (1999), Group Work: Skills and Strategies for Effective Interventions, 2sd Edition, The Haworth Press Inc. Culliname, J. (2007), Working in Organisations: A Compilation of Resources for the University of Greenwich, 2sd Edition, A Person Custom Publication. Handy, C. (1993), Understanding Organisations, Harmondsworth, Penguin Book. How to cite Reflective Report on Group Work, Essays

The Realities and Challenges of Organizational Behavior free essay sample

A complete understanding of organizational behavior requires both an understanding of human behavior and an understanding of the organizational context within which human behavior is acted out. The fact that human beings make up a vital part of any organization is no secret. Indeed, organizational behavior provides a challenge. Much has been learned, and much more remains to be learned. The future portends even more change, even more challenges, even more complexity. Behavioral study provides performance feedback and insight into why employees behave a certain way and their informal social interactions. Organizations are open systems consisting of people, technology, structure, and purpose, which interact with elements in the organization’s environment. They face innumerable challenges on several fronts in their efforts to remain competitive. The correct application of organizational behavior, besides being interesting and practical, allows managers to identify workers who are extremely productive or especially unproductive and to comprehend why such differences exist and helps managers understand the complexity within organizations, identify problems, and determine the best way to correct them. We will write a custom essay sample on The Realities and Challenges of Organizational Behavior or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For a company to be efficient, it needs to do more than just manage its assets and assign tasks to its personnel. Rather, it needs to adopt a holistic approach to organizational behavior which is humanistic. Organizational behavior has manifold implications for various managerial, organizational, and global challenges. It is the study of individual behavior and group dynamics in organizational settings which focuses on motivation, leadership, teamwork, and communication. Moreover, it also encompasses contemporary issues in organizations. Managers are concerned with the quantity and quality of the work their employees are performing. They must consider personal and environmental factors to understand fully how people behave in organizations and to help them grow to be all they can be. They should learn as much as possible about psychology in order to understand their employees. Four challenges for managers are the global environment, the workplace, ethical issues at work, and technological innovation. In addition, they must continually upgrade their knowledge about all aspects of their businesses, especially the human side of the organization. Reality reflects what is going on in all types of organizations public and private, large and small, product and service-oriented. It also reflects the themes of globalization, diversity, technology, and ethics. Challenges provide opportunities for us to grow and develop both as individuals and organizations. Challenge and opportunity are watchwords in organizations during these challenging times. Managers and employees alike are challenged to positively and optimistically meet change in how work gets done, change in psychological and legal interactions between individuals and organizations, change in personnel, and change in the basis for organization. As organizational behavior deals with understanding and managing people in the workplace, it is important to note that a successful organization makes use of the various kinds of expertise it possesses in order to enhance performance and pursues goals in a changing environment by adapting its behavior according to its knowledge about itself and the world it operates in. Moreover, it is skilled at creating, acquiring, organizing, and sharing knowledge, and at applying this knowledge to create its workplace culture. In general, most successful managers have a strong combination of technical, interpersonal, conceptual, and diagnostic skills. Managers of the future need to develop special skills to deal with the turbulence of change, and one of these important skills is the ability to promote creativity in organizations. The organization is successful to the extent that it mobilizes its resources effectively in the pursuit of organizational and human goals.

An Analysis of Fishering by Brian Doyle free essay sample

Fishering Analysis In the non-fictional essay Fishering by Brian Doyle, the writer goes into great detail explaining one of the most feared animals the wolverine. In this short essay the author Brian Doyle explains the significant importance that the wolverine plays in the role of the wild, two important populations in Oregon where you might find a fisher (wolverine), along with walking around in the wild looking for nothing particular. In this paper I will examine the writers key features such as the writers thesis along with sustaining details and overall structure of the essay. The short story Fishering is a very well structured essay explaining key points in each of the three paragraphs. In the first paragraph the author explains how the wolverine is one of the most feared animals in the wild. The second paragraph contains information about two significant locations including the Siskiyou Mountains and the Cascade Mountains where there has been no fishers for over 50 years. We will write a custom essay sample on An Analysis of Fishering by Brian Doyle or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The last paragraph contains the information about what the author looks for when he has been wandering around the woods but tells us about the special things that he has seen. One of the first things that I noticed when reading the short story was how well the author described the wolverine. In one of the authors sentences the author describes the wolverine as an extraordinary athlete of the thick woods and snowfields, but as bearer of a coat so dense and lustrous that it has been sought out agerly by trappers for thousands of years (pg. ). Its very clear to understand the authors thesis which is wondering where fishers can be found. This was a very interesting short story that provides a very detailed description to get his point across in such a short story. The author seems very intent in finding a fisher, but Im not so sure that is the best idea but the short story was fun to read and it was very interesting to find out that a wolverine is also called a fisher.

Free Essays on Three Claims Of A Grecian Urn

, Keats would try to immerse himself entirely into the ... Free Essays on Three Claims Of A Grecian Urn Free Essays on Three Claims Of A Grecian Urn Three Claims of a Grecian Urn John Keats makes three claims at the end of his poem, â€Å"Ode on a Grecian Urn.† Who is the speaker of these claims of intellect? Is it the urn, or is it the speaker of the poem. That seems to be the real question at hand. The first claim of being â€Å"a friend to man,† seems to be related to the urn (48). By being a friend to man, the speaker refers to the urn being able to withstand the aging elements of time so that the urn will always be available for all mankind to reflect upon. By being this kind of friend, the urn will last through eternity and through generations to â€Å"tease us out of thought† (44). We can then reflect images captured in time within the urn’s beauty. If the speaker of the poem is trying to be the friend to man, it just doesn’t make sense. The speaker is physically unable to pass through generations and â€Å"remain, in midst of other woe† (47). The idea that the urn will eternally live on through generations leads us into the next claim. I believe that the urn, not the speaker, is uttering this claim to the reader as well. The urn now knows of its eternal duty to be a friend to man, therefore, it is his duty to claim the one thing that it feels most important in life. That is the claim that â€Å"Beauty is truth, truth beauty,† (49). The urn truly feels that this is the most important piece of information that it can give to man in the small time that man might possibly look at the urn and reflect upon its images. If the speaker in the poem were saying these words to the urn, then the urn would be transformed into merely a beautiful, but simple piece of pottery. I don’t believe that this is what Keats is trying to accomplish. If we look at what Keats believed in the concept of negative capability, we would understand the concept of trying to lose one’s self momentarily in the event. In other wo rds, Keats would try to immerse himself entirely into the ...

Jesus and Mohammed Two Great Holy Personalities Essay

Jesus and Mohammed Two Great Holy Personalities - Essay Example The Biblical traditions, based on the records collected by four true followers of Christ, provide a detailed account of Christ’s birth and people’s reaction on the virgin birth. The Holy Torah had manifestly prophesized about the virgin birth of Messiah, as the Scripture predicts in these words: Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah, 7:14) It is because of these predictions that the Magi travelled wide to see the holy child at the eve of his birth. However, an overwhelming majority of the Romans and Jews refused to acknowledge the holy birth of Holy Christ as virgin. Thus, the opposition of the Savior started from the very first day of the Holy Virgin Mary’s return to her city. Though little information is available about Christ’s childhood and early youth, yet the historians and theologians are of the opinion that Mary had taken him to Egypt in order to escape the wrath of his enemies. Hence, like his predecessor holy prophets, including Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Zachariah and others, Holy Christ also had to face opposition from the prosperous stratum of his society. Jesus preached and lived by truly radical ethics. In contrast to the prevailing patriarchal society and extensive proscriptions against impurity, he touched lepers and a bleeding woman to heal them; in his â€Å"table fellowship,† he ate with people of all classes shreds of evidence.... The Holy Torah had manifestly prophesized about the virgin birth of Messiah, as the Scripture predicts in these words: Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel. (Isaiah, 7:14) It is because of these predictions that the Magi travelled wide to see the holy child at the eve of his birth. However, an overwhelming majority of the Romans and Jews refused to acknowledge the holy birth of Holy Christ as virgin. Thus, the opposition of the Savior started from the very first day of the Holy Virgin Mary’s return to her city. Though little information is available about Christ’s childhood and early youth, yet the historians and theologians are of the opinion that Mary had taken him to Egypt in order to escape the wrath of his enemies. Hence, like his predecessor holy prophets, including Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, Zachariah and others, Holy Christ also had to face oppositi on from the prosperous stratum of his society. Jesus preached and lived by truly radical ethics. In contrast to the prevailing patriarchal society and extensive proscriptions against impurity, he touched lepers and a bleeding woman to heal them; in his â€Å"table fellowship,† he ate with people of all classes. In a culture in which the woman’s role was strictly circumscribed, he welcomed women as his disciples. (Fisher, 2005: 293) The researches reveal the very fact that Jesus returned to his native land Jerusalem from Egypt at the age of thirty. It was the time when he started preaching the virtue and nobility to the people of Nazareth. Jesus was highly

Managing workplace diversity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Managing workplace diversity - Essay Example It is evident from the study that for the last decades, the term diversity has been used to mean the â€Å"demographic constitution of a particular group or team†. In experimental studies, the diversity of a team is normally determined using compositional technique, which focuses on how demographic characteristics such as ethnicity, gender, age among others are distributed within the team. Assessment of diversity in workplace entails determination of the extent in which members are similar or dissimilar to one another. According to Caleb, diversity represents the numerous individual disparities existing among people in particular organization. In studies of diversity in workplaces, various attributes of employees have been proved to be of critical importance in the current management practices. They include gender, ethnicity, length of service in the particular organization, areas of specialisation and skills, level of education, cultural values in addition to personality of t he individual. The content of diversity in workplaces has been a subject of many research studies. Aparna and Susan classified the content of diversity into two categories, namely task and relations oriented. Relations oriented diversity involves the availability of traits or attributes that are influential in determining interpersonal associations. In normal circumstances, relations oriented diversity does not have direct noticeable effects on the performance of tasks (Aparna and Susan, 2000: 60). Mike (2004: 157) consider relations oriented diversity as the social -category diversity. Task oriented diversity is the distribution of the performance-relevant attributes. Examples of attributes that are more likely to be relationship-oriented diversity include age, sex, race, ethnicity, religion, political association, sexual orientation and nationality. These attributes are readily indentified or recognised in a particular context (Caleb, 2006). Other relationship oriented attributes are not readily detected in workplace setting. They include gender, attitudes, values, personality, racial and ethnic identity, sexual and class identity among other social identities. Task oriented diversity attributes in the work place include readily identified qualities such as education level, membership to an organisation or department, association with professional bodies, formal credentials and titles in addition to organisation tenure. However, some task oriented diversity attributes are not obvious, or easily detected. They include knowledge and expertise, cognitive skills and abilities, in addition to physical skills and capacities (Aparna and Susan 2000: 201). Research on performance of employees in a multicultural background indicates that diverse teams perform differently from homogenous groups (Kreitner and Kinicki 1995:72) Although the exact mechanisms that cause the disparity in performance remain speculative, various existing theories provide feasible explanation t o the difference.

Fast Fourier Transform Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fast Fourier Transform - Essay Example A second approach includes just a single hardware operator of the butterfly type, and intending to perform in succession the computations corresponding to all the butterflies of all the stages of the graph. Such an approach has the drawback of requiring a very fast hardware operator. An input memory separate from the memory is required for writing the intermediate computation results. This avoids access conflicts when a data block enters the operator while the previous block is still being processed. It is therefore necessary to provide two memories of N0 complex words, where N0 denotes the initial size of the Fourier transform. This leads to an overall circuit of considerable size, especially when N0 is large. An intermediate approach includes a hardware operator of the butterfly type per stage of the graph, as well as a storage element. This includes delay lines or shift registers, whose function in to input the data to the operator in the right order, while aware of the butterflies of the graph of the relevant stage. Such architectures are termed serial or pipelined according to terminology well known by one skilled in the art. More precisely, an electronic device for computing a Fourier transform having a pipelined architecture comprises a plurality of successive processing stages connected in series between the input and the output of the device by internal data paths. These stages respectively comprise processing means and storage means. The processing means performs processing operations for Fourier transforms of smaller elementary sizes than the initial size on blocks of data whose sizes are reduced in succession from one stage to the next. The term "initial size" of the Fourier transform is understood here and in the remainder of the text to mean the size of the blocks received as input to the device by the first stage. The elementary sizes of the Fourier transforms performed by the various stages may be identical and equal to the radix of the Fourier transform; i.e., a Fourier transform with uniform radix. However, they may be different from one stage to another, as in the case of Fourier transforms with mixed radix. US Patent No. 6,098,088 discloses Fast Fourier Transform processor architecture, based on radix-22 single path delay feedback (R22SDF) architecture. Input data is applied to a series of pairs of butterfly means, each pair including a first type of butterfly and a second type of butterfly, with each having a feedback path from its output to its input. Until the end of the series is reached, the output of the second butterfly in each pair is applied to a multiplier, before the multiplier output is applied to the first butterfly in the subsequent pair. In order to be able to use Fast Fourier Transform processor architecture in a data communications system such as an OFDM Ultra Wideband (UWB) communications system, the processor must be able to handle a high data rate. Moreover, the hardware cost of the processor is an important factor. According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an apparatus for performing a Fast Fourier Transform operation, the apparatus comprising: an input, for receiving input data; a plurality of first data processing paths, each being adapted to perform said Fast Fourier Tran

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Internet Information Technology Essay

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Internet Information Technology Essay Research can be defined as the search for knowledge or as any systematic investigation to establish facts. The primary purpose for applied research as opposed to basic research is discovering, interpreting, and the development of methods and systems for the advancement of human knowledge on a wide variety of scientific matters of our world and the universe. Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication in the history of mankind. As with every single innovation, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. But usually, greater magnitude of advantages outweighs its disadvantages. The word research is used to describe a number of similar and often overlapping activities involving a search for information. For example, each of the following activities involves such a search; but the differences are significant and worth examining. Ten years ago, the term internet was practically anonymous to most of the people. And today internet has become the most ever powerful tool for man throughout the world. The internet is a collection of various services and resources. Although, many people still think e-mail and World Wide Web as the principle constituents of internet, there is lot more in store than e-mail, chat rooms, celebrity web sites and search engines. It also became the best business tool of modern scenario. Today internet has brought a globe in a single room.. Advantages The Internet provides many facilities to the people. The main advantages of Internet are discussed below: Information: Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. The Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines like Google, yahoo is at your service on the Internet. You can almost find any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for. There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and technical support, the list is end less. Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started giving assignments that require research on the Internet. Almost every coming day, researches on medical issues become much easier to locate. Numerous web sites available on the net are offering loads of information for people to research diseases and talk to doctors online at sites such as, Americaà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Doctor. During 1998 over 20 million people reported going online to retrieve health information. Time: A second advantage is that Internet-based survey research may save time for researchers. As already noted, online surveys allow a researcher to reach thousands of people with common characteristics in a short amount of time, despite possibly being separated by great geographic distances (Bachmann Elfrink, 1996; Garton et al., 2003; Taylor, 2000; Yun Trumbo, 2000). Cost: Online survey researchers can also save money by moving to an electronic medium from a paper format (Bachmann Elfrink, 1996; Couper, 2000; Llieva et al., 2002; Yun Trumbo, 2000). Paper surveys tend to be costly, even when using a relatively small sample and the costs of a traditional large-scale survey using mailed questionnaires can be enormous. The use of online surveys circumvents this problem by eliminating the need for paper and other costs, such as those incurred through postage, printing, and data entry (Llieva et al., 2002; Watt, 1999; Witmer et al., 1999). Access to Unique Populations: One advantage of online survey research is that it takes advantage of the ability of the Internet to provide access to groups and individuals who would be difficult, if not impossible, to reach through other channels (Garton, Haythornthwaite, Wellman, 1999; Wellman, 1997). In many cases, communities and groups exist only in cyberspace. For example, it would be difficult to find a large, concentrated group of people conducting face-to-face discussions of topics such as cyber-stalking, online stock trading, and the pros and cons of virtual dating. While people certainly discuss such issues among friends, family members, and co-workers, few meet face-to-face in large groups to discuss them Communication: The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. And internet has excelled beyond the expectations .Still; innovations are going on to make it faster, more reliable. By the advent of computerà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s Internet, our earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village. Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is sitting in the other part of the world. Today for better communication, we can avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved ones. There are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of such services, it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship where you can share your thoughts, can explore other cultures of different ethnicity Collection of Information: A lot of information of different types is stored on the web server on the Internet. It means that billions websites contain different information in the form of text and pictures. You can easily collect information on every topic of the world. For this purpose, special websites, called search engines are available on the Internet to search information of every topic of the world. The most popular search engines are altavista.com, search.com, yahoo.com, ask.com etc. The scientists, writers, engineers and many other people use these search engines to collect latest information for different purposes. Usually, the information on the Internet is free of cost. The information on the Internet is available 24 hours a day Online Airlines and Railway Schedules: Many Airline companies and Pakistan Railway provide their schedules of flights and trains respectively on the Internet. E-Commerce: Ecommerce is the concept used for any type of commercial manoeuvring, or business deals that involves the transfer of information across the globe via Internet. It has become a phenomenon associated with any kind of shopping, almost anything. You name it and Ecommerce with its giant tentacles engulfing every single product and service will make you available at your door steps. It has got a real amazing and wide range of products from household needs, technology to entertainment Searching Jobs: You can search different types of jobs all over the world, Most of the organizations/departments around the world, advertise their vacant vacancies on the Internet. The search engines are also used to search the jobs on Internet. You can apply for the required job through Internet. Disadvantages Internet has many advantages but it also has some disadvantages. These are as follows: Accuracy of Information: A lot of information about a particular topic is stored on the websites. Some of the information may be incorrect the correct information may be confused or not authentic. Wastage of times A lot of time is wasted to collect the information on the Internet. Some people waste a lot of time in chatting or to play games. At home and offices, most of the people use Internet without positive purpose. Virus threat: Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole hard disk, causing you considerable headache. Immorality: Some websites contains immoral materials in the form of text, pictures or movies etc. These websites damage the character of new generation CONCLUSION In conclusion, internet data collection offers many advantages, but also has some disadvantages. Researchers must carefully consider their needs in light of the challenges and benefits it can present. Even though there are arguments against theft of personal information on the use of internet for research purposes, researchers may be experiencing grave danger as personal information such as name, address, bank details can be accessed by other culprits to make problems worse. Though, information are widely available on the internet making research less expensive in terms manpower hour used, the school of taught question the authenticity of some of the information available. Pornography is perhaps the biggest threat related to childrenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s healthy mental life. Very serious situations regarding the internet. There are thousands of pornographic sites on the internet that can be easily found and can be a detrimental factor to letting children use the internet Academics from different universities can come together to pursue the same research cost effectively, discussing on daily basis using video conferencing, virtual community etc. without moving out of their geographical locations all by the aid of internet technology. Though, internet can also create devastation, destruction and its misuse can be calamity, I can still argue that the advantages of it outweigh its disadvantages

Extraterrestial Influence :: miscellaneous

Extraterrestial Influence All our science, measured against reality, is primitive and childlike and yet it is the most precious thing we have. -Albert Einstein INTRODUCTION There are many things in this world that go unexplained. Not anymore, it was all aliens, everything you can’t figure out like, â€Å"Where does one sock go when I do the laundry?†, and â€Å"How do you get the caramel into the Caramilk bar?† Aliens. Earth has been profoundly impacted by extraterrestrials in its short history. Everything from supplying life-giving chemicals and wiping out the dinosaurs with meteorites to influencing human culture and evolution. The whole world is filled with evidence of extraterrestrials, though it is usually denied and ignored by governments and academics. This essay will provide a brief analysis of extraterrestrial events or evidence thereof the were especially significant. THE BEGINNING OF LIFE Evolutionary theory suggests that life on earth has been developing for millions of years into more and more complex organisms. These organisms evolved from inorganic molecules through the release of UV, heat and electrical energy in the atmosphere of early Earth. This theory was found to be valid by Stan Miller in 1953, who through a series of tests managed to create some hydrocarbons and amino acids out of chemicals that were present on earth 3.5 billion years ago. These hydrocarbons and amino acids are very susceptible to oxidation and would not exist for very long in an oxygen based environment. Though there was very little oxygen in earth’s atmosphere at the time, the large amount of energy present would have easily electrolyzed some water and produced oxygen gas, which is bad for the amino acids. A much more likely place for amino acids and hydrocarbons to develop would be in large dust clouds in space, such as the one that condensed to form our solar system. Evidence fo r this theory comes from the many carbonaceous chondrite meteorites recovered (these same life giving meteors have also led to many mass extinctions in earth’s history). A NASA research group examined one such meteorite in 1970 and found a higher concentration of amino acids and hydrocarbons than are present on earth today (Kvenvolden, K., Lawless, J., Pering, K., Peterson, E., Flores, J., Ponnamperuma, C., Kaplan, I.R., Moore, C., 197). In addition the amino acids had a higher concentration of L enantiomers than R-enantiomers, as is seen on earth (Chyba, 1997). This seems to suggest that the basic chemicals for life were derived extraterrestrially.

Compensation and Benefits Recommendations Essay

No matter the size of the business, there is a need to evaluate an individual business’ compensations and Benefits. Each business will be unique; rarely will two businesses have the same benefits. These benefits will show employees, and future employees, what it is worth to work for the company. In this recommendation, it will outline various parts of the compensation and identify the pay act that this package will follow. Market Evaluation Creating attractive compensation package is a difficult task when entering new markets. After reviewing the benefits and compensation for Turner Construction Company, Ames Construction, Inc., and DPR Construction which are located in Arizona, the companies have these benefits in common: Medical, Dental, Retirement/Pension/401K plan. Turner Construction Company does offer more such as vision insurance, health club reimbursement, life insurance, accidental death and dismemberment, short term disability, long term disability, tuition reimbursement program, and professional certifications and licenses (Turner Construction, 2014). The compensation package offered by DPR Construction includes additional benefits like vision insurance, adoption assistance, personal time off, holidays & holiday shutdown, Flexible Spending Accounts, and Critical Illness Insurance. DPR construction has noted that employees must be non-union and full time employees to receive the full benefits package, but part time employees are eligible for medical, dental, and vision coverage (DPR Construction, 2014). The compensation package offered by Ames Construction, Inc. does not include extra benefits that Turner Construction and DPR Construction offer (Ames Construction, Inc., 2014). With the information provided, an attractive compensation and benefit package that is tailored to the area can be created for your employees in Arizona. Recommended compensation structure As commercial construction organization entering a new market you will need  to have a compensation structure that is comparable or higher to others in the area. When entering a new market, it will be essential to offer a structure that attracts experienced employees that will provide creditability to the new market. It will be essential to have these people in place and show your customers that your organization is committed to being their primary choice for new projects. When determining a compensation plan there are steps that should be considered. The first step is to determine what type of pay structure you are going to use. For your business a pay grade system is the best option. This type of system allows for your organization to compensate employees based on their years of experience and knowledge of the field (Martocchio 2011). The next step is determining the market baseline for the positions. In Arizona, a commercial foreman (salary/exempt) earns about $35,000-$92,000 per year, an estimator/project (salary/exempt) manager receives about $32,000 – $98,00 per year, and a general laborer (hourly/nonexempt) receives about $8.71-20.55 per hour (â€Å"May 2013 State Occupational Employment And Wage Estimates Arizona†, 2014). The next step is to identify pay grades. This will allow an employee with more experience to receive more income. Below are examples of the three positions listed above: Foreman I – 0-5 years’ experience as a foreman for a commercial construction. Foreman II – 6-10 years’ experience. Foreman III – 10+ years’ experience. Project Manager I – 0-2 years’ experience, bachelor’s degree, no project management (PMI) certificate. Project Manager II – 3-5 years’ experience, bachelor’s degree in project management, PMI certificate. Project Manager III – 6+ years’ experience, experienced interaction with customers, PMI certificate and a bachelor’s or higher degree in project management. General Laborer I – 0-3 years’ experience, high school diploma or GED and basic commercial construction knowledge. General Laborer II – 4-9 years’ experience, high school diploma or higher, advanced knowledge. General Laborers III – 10+ years’ experience, high school diploma or higher, expert knowledge. The next step will be establishing the pay ranges for the positions. The recommended pay structure is as followed: Foreman I – $35,000 – $42,000 Foreman II – $42,000 – 57,000 Foreman III – $57,000 – $95,000 Project Manager I – $32,000 – $50,000 Project Manager II – $50,000 – $75,000 Project Manager III – $75,000 – $100,000 General Laborer I – $8.75 – $12.00 General Laborer II – $12.00 – $17.00 General Laborers III – $17.00 – $20.50 The last step, which will be an ongoing step, is to evaluate the pay structure. As an organization you will need to determine if the pay scale matches the talent you are hiring and if adjustments need to be made. Another adjustment that may need to be made is include minimum wage for general laborers. Recommend a position on the Market There are three positions that are recommended to position the company in the market. Management must decide which strategy will best fit the goals of the organization. To lead the market in compensation will be costly. The advantage to leading the market is the company will likely get top talent for the pay. This is unless the top talent is already gainfully employed, then the company may get mediocre talent for top pay. Another possibility is to position the company at the bottom of the market, or to lag in the market. This is not a very attractive employment tactic; however there is a plethora of benefits that can be added to the package that would be more attractive to those that do not consider money the primary reason for joining an organization. The recommended strategy for the organization is to be somewhere in between the high and the low. It is feasible to match the competition in salaries but to offer a package of incentives that will distinguish the company from the other competitors. Some of the ideas management might consider are paid time off from work to include holidays, vacation days, personal days, sick days, and paternity or maternity leave (Heathfield, 2014). Another benefit could be comprehensive dental insurance, many companies are forced to offer medical insurance but dental insurance could be a great selling point to attract potential employees. Perhaps the most important to some people will be investment. The company should  consider establishing a retirement plan or 401(k) for employees. This helps in recruiting employees but also increases the opportunity to maintain employees. There are other incentives that can be offered at the discretion of management. Little incentives like day care, a pumping room for new mothers, and incentives for going to college can make the company more attractive than other similar companies with similar salaries for employees. Total compensation and benefits strategy In today’s economy it is important for a company to have a total compensations and benefits package. The new Obama care guidelines state that everyone must have health insurance. Providing this to your employees will help to relieve some of the financial burden associated with health insurance. Other reasons to offer health insurance according to the Center of Disease Control are healthier people are less likely to take time off of work and are more productive while at work (â€Å"Workplace Health Promotion†, 2014). Other health benefits include dental, vision insurance, and health-club reimbursement. Flexible spending, life insurance, short and long term disability are other benefits that are recommended for employees. Tuition Reimbursement is a great way to show your employees that you are committed to their future and rewarding them for obtaining a higher education. This can also include professional certificates. An employee referral program is a great way to reward employees for their referrals and obtain new applicants. Performance Incentives and Merit Pay As with other business transactions, incentive programs need to be managed with a clear definition with planning, setting goals, assigning responsibility, defining objectives and managing the implementation. A well-executed incentive program will justify its cost through reduction in injury costs, reduced time away from work, and slowing the rate of increase in insurance costs (Hislop, R. D., 1993). Incentive programs need to focus on program elements relative to the industry. Safe work habits and the reduction of absenteeism shall be the focus of these incentives. Define the criteria: What is to be accomplished in order to earn the award The recognition to be offered Establish who qualifies for the awards; (individuals, teams, contractors) Provide a definitive time line Evaluate the risks that are present In order to encourage sense of ownership, urge employees to help manage and control their workplace. Incorporate a sound safety program including not only the safety training but regular toolbox talks (Hislop, R. D., 1993). An offer of $.50-per-hour bonus to each work-crew if the entire crew is present throughout an entire pay period has been an effective tool for one Houston based construction firm (Hislop, R. D., 1993). The additional labor costs are moderate in comparison to the costs associated with hiring, training and injury expenses incurred when laborers are injured or present a high absentee rate. Establishing the incentive as one centered on absenteeism than injury related will curb the possibility of workers not reporting injury in order to achieve bonus and will encourage presence on the site thereby alleviating unnecessary absenteeism. Injuries happen often when a full crew is not present on the jobsite and with the incentive pay; every crew has the opportunity for the b onus. Relating Law With this package, the main focus will be towards the Equal Pay Act. This Act is set forth that requires men and women receive equal pay for equal work in the same establishment (USA.gov, 2014). There is room for differences in pay based upon seniority, merit, or even quality of production. If you find your business in a situation where this act is being violated, you are not allowed to lower the higher paid employee, but you must raise the lower paid employee. When evaluating specific benefits compensation, all aspects need to be considered when attempting to move into a new market. Comparison with current competitors is a wise decision to determine where a new company should choose which benefits. Careful planning will greatly assist the business in setting up as a successful company in the new market. References Ames Construction, Inc. (2014). Benefit Package. Retrieved from http://www.amesconstruction.com/benefit-package.cfm DPR Construction. (2014). Benefits. Retrieved from http://www.dpr.com/company/careers/working-at-dpr/benefits#holidayshutdown Turner Construction. (2014). Benefits, Compensation and Rewards. Retrieved from http://www.turnerconstruction.com/careers/life-at-turner/benefits Heathfield, S. M. (2014). What’s in a comprehensive employee benefits package? About.com Human Resources. Retrieved from http://humanresources.about.com/od/compensation-structure/tp/employee-benefits-package.htm Hislop, R. D. (1993). Developing a safety incentive program. Professional Safety, 38(4), 20. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/200382925?accountid=458 Cost Estimators. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/ooh/business-and- financial/cost-estimators.htm May 2013. State Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates Arizona. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_az.htm Martocchio, Joseph J. (2011). Strategic compensation: a human resource management approach. (6th ed.). Boston: Prentice Hall Equal Pay/Compensation Discrimination. (2014). USA.Gov. Retrieved from http://www.eeoc.gov/laws/types/equalcompensation.cfm

Over what issues, if any, was there a political consensus in the period 1945-1979 Essay Example

Over what issues, if any, was there a political consensus in the period 1945 Over what issues, if any, was there a political consensus in the period 1945-1979 Essay Over what issues, if any, was there a political consensus in the period 1945-1979 Essay The postwar political consensus is a much debated and controversial area of British politics. The postwar consensus is traditionally seen as lasting until 1979 over which time the political governing class was committed to Keynesian social democracy (as dubbed by Marquand). It involved a major world role for Britain; a welfare state based on cradle to grave provision of benefits and services for all citizens; and a mixed economy managed by governments on Keynesian lines in such a way as to maintain full employment. However, the evidence suggests that a political consensus did not exist or rather not in the traditional view. British governments are rarely revolutionary they are evolutionary and this would appear to be the case, certainly from 1945 to 1979 governments evolved to change. What did exist was a centre-left policy bias that had become convention because of the events in domestic politics of the Second World War. Britain had a war to win and collectivism was needed to mobilise the economy in the most efficient way possible. This led to a great expansion in the role of government in society. Whitehall grew to accommodate this role and there was now an institutional momentum behind greater government intervention in postwar Britain. New peacetime departments were in place, new administrative procedures were at an advanced stage of preparation, and new mentalities were ingrained in officials. This interventionism was firmly toward the left of the political spectrum; liberalism and tempered socialism were the fashionable tools to deal with societies ills. The Labour party and liberal intellectuals, for instance Keynes and Beveridge, dominated postwar planning. The Beveridge Report (1942) was the source of future policy commitments on social policy and full employment. The lack of Conservative impression on the postwar planning was due in part to the nature of Churchills relationship with the party and his greater concern with the war in progress. The impact of collectivism was really only properly felt by the two governments following the Second World War, both led by two significant figures from it Attlee and Churchill. Three key policy areas highlight the consensus reached, Britains world role, the welfare state and a mixed economy. British foreign policy from 1945 to 1955 was based on the view that Britains special relationship with the US, leadership of the Commonwealth, possession of nuclear weapons and large conventional military capability gave the country a continuing leading status as a world power. Events following 1955 firmly changed policy aims, breaking the supposed consensus. The Suez crisis of 1956 severely dented Britains claim to an independent world role. In 1962 the policy pursued by the two previous governments of an independent nuclear deterrent was ended when Britain became totally dependent on the US for the supply of nuclear weapons. By the mid-1960s the notion of the Commonwealth as a world force was at an end. Also membership of the EEC, which had been firmly off the agenda during the 1950s, became a pressing desire during the 1960s and on the third attempt in 1973 Britain became a member. This highlights that in foreign policy there was not a consensus extending until 1979, objectives changed by the mid-1950s. The major theme of postwar economic policy in Britain was closer government involvement in running the economy. The main elements of economic policy were: a largely private enterprise economy with a significant public sector of recently nationalised industries; governments acceptance of the responsibility to manage the economy at a level of demand sufficient to maintain a high and stable rate of employment; their adoption of Keynesian methods in order to do so; and the operation of a corporatist style partnership. The Attlee Government with nationalisation of major industries, for instance coal and railways, achieved the creation of a mixed economy. The Conservative Government of 1951 to 1964 only privatised steel and road haulage in response to the nationalisation, signalling the political consensus. Chancellors of both parties used a combination of fiscal techniques (for example tax rates) and monetary methods (for example interest rates) to manage the economy in a Keynesian manor. The government also employed corporate bias (Keith Middlemas) to avoid industrial conflict through close relationship with industry and trade unions. These policies remained broadly the same until they came under increasing strain with the economic crises of the 1970s. These led to the winter of discontent of 1979 and the election of New Right Conservatives. This ended the postwar consensus on economic policy with the Conservatives now pursuing the reduction of inflation over the maintenance of a low rate of unemployment. Tax cuts were introduced and the privatisation of public sector industries and services. Also relationships with the trade unions deteriorated, with legislation introduced to curb their influence. Therefore there was a political consensus from 1945 to 1979 on how to run the economy, though it began to collapse toward the end of the 1970s and completely ended with the introduction of monetarism under Thatcher. There was certainly political consensus in the area of the welfare state. The accepted basis of social policy was that a wide range of publicly provided benefits and universal services should be available to all on demonstration of need and, in the case of services, free at the point of receipt. The keystones of the welfare state were a National Health Service providing health care to all regardless of income, a comprehensive system of social security and pensions based on national insurance contributions, and a state educational service. These policies have been broadly upheld since their conception during the Second World War and implementation under the Attlee Government. There have of course been differences, for instance the Conservatives encouraged the purchase of council homes whilst Labour stressed the need to increase their stock. Even under Thatcher changes that were introduced were predominantly organisational and managerial and sought greater cost-consciousness, efficiency and diversity in the delivery of services rather than any erosion of the principles of taxpayer financing or of free services at the point of use. Therefore the broad principles of the welfare state remain to this day, outlasting the traditionally perceived end of the political consensus of 1979. Therefore in the three main policy areas of the political consensus consistency across all three in the same time period has only existed until 1955. Foreign policy changed dramatically after 1955 with the policy objective of maintaining Britain as a world power reversing to complete withdrawal from the Empire and joining the European Union. Also the dependence on America for a nuclear deterrent was at odds with the pursuit of an independent deterrent under the Attlee and Churchill Governments. Thus the postwar political consensus on foreign policy ended in 1955. The economic policies pursued after the Second World War were broadly consistent until 1979, with the goals of high employment and a mixed economy top of the agenda. Thatcherism was at odds with this, with low inflation as the target and privatisation of state industries. However, with the welfare state it would appear that the postwar consensus continues to this day, with cradle to grave services free at the point of service still in existence. The Thatcher Governments may have introduced market forces into to the welfare state but this has not changed the broad principles laid down by Beveridge in 1942. In conclusion, it is a misconception to see the period of 1945 to 1979 as a postwar political consensus. At most it can be argued that there was a centre-left domination of policy during this period, leading from the shift in public opinion and from the ability of Labour and leading liberals to command the postwar planning process. The breakdown of Britain during 1970s economically, then led to the introduction of what would appear to be a true political consensus. This is because in the three main policy areas, Britains world role, the welfare state and the economy. Thatcher, Major and Blair have pursued broadly similar policy objectives. It could conceivably be argued that the institution of Whitehall holds the key to policy direction. When the bureaucracy grew substantially during the Second World War it was under the auspices of Labour and liberal policy thinking. Thus policy implementation was biased toward the centre-left. After the Thatcherite reforms of the Civil Service during the 1980s, it may now have a bias toward the centre-right, therefore possibly explaining the policies pursued under the current Labour Government.

Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Example

Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Example Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Handles and Hinges Ltd Essay Introduction :Handles and Hinges Ltd HH was established in Birmingham, England, by two young entrepreneurs, Dave Philips and Chris Agnew, both experienced in the hardware trade. The business specialized in the ‘designer’ market for polished metal (brass or stainless steel) door handles, cupboard knobs, furniture fittings (mostly used in shop/office furniture) and hinges. Their company was successful, was based on HH’s reputation for high-quality, unique designs of both traditional and modern products, many of which were selected and specified by architects for large and prestigious projects such as new office developments in London’s Docklands. Dave, the Chief Executive Officer, with responsibility for sales, believed that most orders from construction companies were placed with HH because they assumed they had no other choice once the HH products had been specified. Larger companies would sometimes suggest to the architect MARKETING PERSPECTIVE . Carefully examine the marketing method/processes/approaches by HH 2. Observe the strategic marketing plan such that the products can be improved to meet customer needs and requirements 3. How does the company compete in its market place, and what is the role of ‘quality’ in its competitive strategy? Discussions with Chris (the Manufacturing Director) put a different perspective on the problem: ‘The sales catalogue shows pictures of our products prepared for photography; special effects are used to give a bright polished finish but we actually use a matt finish. : The samples used by Sales are specially made by experienced craftsmen to eliminate any scratching or minor faults; of course, we cannot always repeat that standard with the modern batch production methods. ‘We were aware that the reorganization of production methods could lead to quality problems, so I introduced statistical control, a subject I studied extensively in a quantitative methods course at the local college. Our inspectors now take random samples of batches of components and measure important dimensions such as the diameter or length of brass handles, the thickness of the incoming materials, etc. Batches which fail are either rejected or reworked, and all material where we have identified any fault at all is returned to the supplier, and our buyers routinely threaten to place orders elsewhere. I instructed the supervisors to inspect press tooling just before the start of each production batch to ensure that there are no surface faults, so I think it is unlikely that the dents and blemishes are caused in production. I must make a point of checking that this is happening. Anyway, our final inspection sampling has been changed to give an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 2 per cent whereas until recently it was only 5 per cent. We have had to increase the number of final inspectors by four at a cost of ? 15 000 each per annum, but all the management team agrees that with quality products we must be confident of the final quality before packing. We trained some of our best assemblers in SPC and made them full-time inspectors; the combination of their technical and statistical skills ensures that we have the right people for this job. We could not rely on our operators to do any dimensional checks; hardly any of them know how to measure using a metric rule, let alone a micrometer or vernier gauge. It is best to keep them concentrating on achieving correct output targets. I believe that most quality problems here must be caused by occasional operator carelessness. ‘The batch method of production has given us much more control over operations. No longer do we have to rely on hard-to-recruit craftsmen who did everything slowly and unpredictably. Now we make the most of economic batches at each stage, benefiting from the economies of scale of longer runs and cheaper unskilled labour. With incentive bonuses based on effective performance against agreed standard times, all our people are working faster to achieve the company’s goal of higher productivity. There is no doubt that our operations are now more productive than they’ve ever been. With high quality and low costs, we are now set for a major assault on the competition. We expect our profits to rise dramatically from the currently inadequate 1 per cent return on sales. ’

Business Law Written Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Law Written Assignment - Research Paper Example An offer Is made with respect to the monetary value and a counter offer is made in return to the offer. The present facts of the case pertains to a minor entering into a contract, since any person below the age of 18years is a minor and cannot take part in a contract. Since Ty is below the age of 18 years, Roes are entitled to disaffirm Ty’s â€Å"agreement† to sell the Van-Damm artwork to Rem, obtaining the artwork back from Rem. According to the commercial lease code, every lease document has to be in signing since it is a document of contract and therefore to invoke any legal action such document must be in written format. Rem cannot invoke his rights of lease until and unless his lease is signed with the parties. Without having signed the lease agreement, he has not become party to such contract and therefore it cannot be ascertained whether he considered entering into the contract or not. The clause to terminate the document is not improper and does not curtail the rights of the individual. Every individual is given a right to exit the contract which is mentioned within the terms of the contract and such right is part and parcel of the existing structure of the contract. No, Rem would not win as there is no written agreement which has been signed between the parties. Since there is no written agreement between the parties it would be impossible to ascertain whether such a contract existed, and therefore it is impossible for Rem to prove such a fact before the court of law. If Rem were to sue Ms. Relief to enforce the terms of the Commercial Lease document (Exhibit â€Å"A†, attached) to allow Rem to lease the Beverly Hills space for his Van-Damm exhibition, would Rem

Compare and contrast the competing perspectives of structuralists and Essay

Compare and contrast the competing perspectives of structuralists and antistructuralists on the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. What are the implication - Essay Example An example of Game Theory would be if Company X makes product X, and Company Y makes product Y. A third company, Company XY, buys product X and Y to produce product XY. Company X, Company Y, and Company XY would be named as players under the Game Theory. If Company X raises the cost of their product, Company XY is affected. The rise in product X’s cost could even affect Company Y, if Company XY’s chooses to increase the price of their product with the result of lower sales of product XY. Game Theory has a few elements that are important to mention. As mentioned before players are one element, the other elements include payoffs, actions, and rules (Jaquier 2003). Players are the actual firms. Payoffs are the rewards or punishment of the players in the game. In the scenario above, Company X could have been punishing Company XY or rewarding Company Y, depending on the circumstances. Actions are the decisions made by the players. The rules define the players, actions and pa yoffs. This makes up the basics of Game Theory. An oligopoly is a couple of large suppliers controlling a particular market. The market concentration is normally high. Companies encompassing an oligopoly produce brand quality products. Barriers exist for firms on the outside an oligopoly, due to the necessity of brand quality products the firms on the inside of the oligopoly produce. The interdependence between companies in an oligopoly is vital. Each company in an oligopoly must anticipate what the other companies/players will decide concerning investments, prices, or any other important business decisions. Economists seek to predict these decisions by using Game Theory (Oligopoly 2005). Game Theory helps players logically figure out the decisions other players will make. Game Theory not only helps predict players decisions, but has an impact on politics, other businesses, pricing of products and services, locations for industrial plants, and even enviormental issues

Schizophrenia in children Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Schizophrenia in children - Research Paper Example As the definition indicates, the major symptoms of this disorder include visual and auditory hallucinations, abnormal behavior, and strange feelings and they adversely affect the child’s ability to function normally and to maintain interpersonal relationships. To illustrate, a child who has developed schizophrenia may become shy and reticent and try to live in a world of his/her own. Nearly 50% of children with schizophrenia show severe neuropsychiatric symptoms. Although this mental disorder has no definite cause, it is often correlated to risk factors like family history. Some recent studies claim that brain changes and biochemical and environmental factors may contribute to the development of schizophrenia. Generally physical, laboratory and psychological examinations are conducted to diagnose schizophrenia in children. ... Prevention of childhood schizophrenia is less possible because many of the early signs of this disorder are very similar to the signs of other disorders. Treatments As discussed already, pediatric schizophrenia is a chronic condition and it needs lifelong treatment even though symptoms may be subsided during some periods of treatment. The treatment for childhood schizophrenia is generally led by a psychiatrist specialist. Since this disorder can affect many areas of the victim’s life, other professionals such as pediatrician, psychotherapist, family members, psychiatric nurse, and social workers are also included in the treatment team. Medications and psychotherapy are mainly employed to treat childhood schizophrenia (Loth & Pataki, 2012). Antipsychotic medications play a central role in treating this disorder although they have not been specifically approved for treating schizophrenia in children. Second generation antipsychotics or atypical antipsychotics are initially used to treat pediatric schizophrenia because they have fewer side effects. As Kuehn (2009) notes, Risperidone and Aripiprazole are the only two second generation antipsychotics that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to treat this mental disorder in children. Similarly, first generation antipsychotics or conventional antipsychotics are also used to control schizophrenia in children and they are equally as effective as atypical antipsychotics. However, conventional antipsychotics have more severe neurological side effects. In addition, psychotherapy treatments such as individual therapy and family therapy are employed to manage childhood

Achievements and Complaints of India Today Group Essay Example for Free

Achievements and Complaints of India Today Group Essay Operating for 36 years now, the company has consistently maintained incomparable goodwill and rapport in the market. The India Today Group continues to be the best and has steadily bagged major awards and notched up achievements over the years, some of which are: * Its news channel Aaj Tak won the Indian Telly Award for Best Hindi News Channel for the 10th consecutive year in 2010. * The Editor-in-Chief of Aaj Tak, Prabhu Chawla, won the Best News and Current Affairs Anchor Award at the Indian Telly Awards 2009. * The India Today Group publishes the Cosmopolitan magazine in India and has been featuring awards for Fun and Fearless Male and Female of the Year since 2002. * Cosmopolitan also showcases awards for the Best Bachelor of the Year. * Cosmopolitan further promoted the Practice Safe Sun campaign that fights against skin cancer * The India Today Group organizes several events like the India Today Conclave and ACUMEN, which deals with some of the major issues and businesses in the country. * The Vasant Valley School was started by the India Today Group to encourage education for all in the country. CONTROVERSIES AND COMPLAINTS In the recorded conversations between Nira Radia and prominent figures, referred to as the Radia Tapes, several prominent figures are heard in conversation with Radia amongst them were Prabhu Chawla, editor of India Today magazine and Shankar Aiyar, then with India Today Group . ONLINE CHEATING AND SCAM BY BAGITTODAY an INDIA TODAY Group: The company, bagittoday,an india today group company,known in ecommrce as living media india ltd cheated many people by not giving them promised service, gifts and evn asking the people for account nos with passwords . They realise payments through credit card/Online banking and do not send the material. October 14 was a sad day for Union Law Minister Salman Khurshid and the India Today group, which owns a number of print journals and TV channels, says B Raman A non-governmental humanitarian trust for assisting physically disadvantaged people with which Khurshids wife Louise is reportedly associated has been the target of allegations of wrongful use of funds amounting to approximately Rs 80 lakh sanctioned by the government for humanitarian relief. A Hindi TV channel of the India Today group and the India Against Corruption group headed by Arvind Kejriwal, a non-governmental activist, have been spearheading the campaign against Khurshid on these allegations against the humanitarian trust. The two campaigns have been trying to project themselves as separate from each other without any orchestrated co-ordination, but an undeclared, but evident convergence of objective between the two is discernible to any objective observer. That objective is to exploit the suspected misuse of the funds to cause public discomfiture to Khurshid.

A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes Essay -- Historica

Whether native or foreign, the forced laborers discussed in the five historical documents—â€Å"A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes†, â€Å"Description of a Slave Market in Rio de Janeiro†, â€Å"Notes on the Treatment of the Natives in Northeast Siberia†, â€Å"Mercury Mining in Huanacavelica and Silver Mining in Potosà ­Ã¢â‚¬ , and â€Å"The General Slavery at Achin†Ã¢â‚¬â€were impelled to fulfill responsibilities and lead lives that were believably unnatural, being that those laborers forced to work were typically exposed to extreme and destitute living conditions due to the mandatory demands of their overseer, while those â€Å"enslaved† in the country of Sumatra were allowed profuse independency in comparison to drudges elsewhere in the world. Depending on their geographic location, some forced laborers shared a similar style of governance, while the others faced severely contrasting ways of life. As part of the Atlantic chattel slavery system, Ligon explained the harsh lifestyle and living conditions that the autonomous society forced upon its laborers in 17th century Barbados through his written description in â€Å"A True and Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes†. According to Ligon, â€Å"the grueling work†¦during the harvest season ran without stopping from Monday at 1 A.M. through Saturday night† (Richard Ligon 114). Any educated reader could infer that the mandated labor created an extreme and highly unreasonable lifestyle that is unnatural for any human being. Living conditions included scarce meals, where â€Å"the servants [ate] no bone meat at all, unless an ox died and then they were feasted as long as that lasted. And till they had planted good store plantains, the Negroes were fed with food which gave them much discontent,† and living quarters were... ...ouses, as if they were free People† (Captain William Dampier 142). In comparison to the strict, intolerant ways of forced labor discussed previously, Sumatra’s enslavement appeared significantly more permissive, allowing laborers to act more freely and independent. Whether native or foreign to the lands on which the enslaved were forced to labor, the good majority of forced laborers were impelled by their overseer to deal with extreme conditions and perform unnatural duties. Experiencing destitute conditions and intense responsibility was a major part in the lives of most forced laborers, but for the rare extremity, slaves had a more significant amount of freedom. Although the typical enslaved peoples faced similar governing dominance and autonomy, there were others who experienced differing lifestyles. This definitely makes for worlds together, yet worlds apart.

Community and Survival in Sula :: Sula Essays

Community and Survival in Sula Sula by Toni Morrison is a very complex novel with many underlying themes. Some of the themes that exist are good and evil, friendship and love, survival and community, and death. In Marie Nigro's article, "In Search of Self: Frustration and Denial in Toni Morrison's Sula" Nigro deals with the themes of survival and community. According to Nigro, "Sula celebrates many lives: It is the story of the friendship of two African-American women; it is the story of growing up black and female; but most of all, it is the story of a community" (1). Sula contains so many important themes that it is hard to say which one is the most important. I agree with Marie Nigro when she says that Sula is a story about community. I believe that community and how the community of Bottom survives is an important theme of the story. But I do not believe that it is a central theme of the story. When I think back on the novel Sula in twenty years, I will remember the relationship and friendship betw een Nel and Sula. I will not remember the dynamics of the community. One of Nigro's main points of her article is how Morrison shows how important work is to the community of Bottom in order to survive. Nigro believes that work is important in Sula because it helps define or not define such as in Sula's case, who the characters are. Nigro argues that the people of Bottom take survival serious because they live in a white male, world. The residents of Bottom do their best by working odd jobs and scrimping and helping each other when in need (2). But they know that they will always have to remain within the boundaries of the hostile white world (2). According to Nigro, survival is also very important for Eva and Hannah. They know they do not have much opportunity being black and female, so they prepare for the winter by canning food in the summer (2). Eva definitely knows how serious survival is because she goes to the extreme of cutting off her own leg (2). Jude is another character, Nigro points out, that needs work.

Mexico to USA Migration Case Study

Migration is the movement of people from one area to another, be it across the road, or to the other side of the earth. Everyday over 2000 Mexicans try and cross the 2000km border that spans between Mexico and the USA. The immigrants walk for miles to try and illegally enter the country and for many it is a wasted journey as they are returned shortly after by the US border patrol police. The immigrants usually travel in groups of 10 and up, friends and families together as a large group. To try and make the journey easier they will often travel lightly, meaning they carry no heavy, but vital, supplies such as food and water. This often leads to things such as dehydration and death as they cross the hot and dry border. Another way the immigrants will try and gain access is through human smugglers, whereby the immigrants will pay the smugglers large sums of money to smuggle them across the border. Once across the border it's now a game of ‘hide and seek' with the immigration officers. After crossing the border without being caught they will usually meet in some form of safe house, usually provided by the human smugglers. Once they are settled they will often rent houses in large groups so that can cut the costs dramatically and easily afford it. They can't stay for long though as eventually they would be caught, so to keep their trail clean they move from house to house as not to alert the police. WHY MIGRATE? People migrate places for many different reasons be it for family or money ect. These reasons can be classified as 4 different categories; economic, social, political or environmental: * Economic migration – moving to find work or to follow a particular career path only available in such place * Social Migration – moving for a better quality of life or to live with or closer to family or friends * Political Migration – moving to escape/avoid political disputes, persecution or war. * Environmental Migration – moving to escape natural disasters such as flooding For the reasons above many people choose to migrate. For example migrants who move country to find work for money and food. Other migrants are forced during times of war and natural disaster. MAP Below is a map of the USA and Mexico. The map shows the movement of migrants as the cross the USA/Mexico border. The highest rates of migrants are found to be from the bordering states living in the USA's bordering states. The arrows on the map point from where most Mexican migrants come from, and where they usually end up. They want the journey to be as quick as possible; they don't travel far and often stay in the neighboring states. Migrant Movement Border between Mexico and the USA PUSH AND PULL FACTORS Just like everything in life there is always something that makes you want do something else. The same applies to the Mexican migrants and there are many ‘push and pull' factors for why the Mexican migrants would want to migrate. Push Factors Push factors are the reasons why people are pushed away from and what to leave an area. There are many push factors for why migrants would want to leave their country and I have listed the most common below. They are all traits of an LEDC, where most migrants come for. * Lack of services – often a problem in LEDC's where most migrants are from. Poor countries cannot afford to provide good quality services as MEDC's do. * Lack of safety – often a problem in LEDC's, people cannot afford to pay for repairs and safety equipment ect and things go to ruin. * High crime – often a problem in poorer countries as people cannot find work or don't earn enough money to make ends meet, many people turn to crime. * Crop failure – this isn't just something you seen in poor countries but for a poor country it is a big loss and could be the final push someone needs to just get out of their old life. * Drought – this often leads to crop failure and as I mentioned above this can be a big problem for someone relying on it to feed their family. * Flooding – flooding is serious business and can cause masses of damage even destroying houses, losing your house could make you want to migrate to a better life. * Poverty – nobody likes having no money, well imagine spending everyday barely making ends meet, you'd want change and quick. * War – refuges often migrate to escape the terror and dangers of war as civilian casualties are often high in LEDC wars. Pull Factors Pull factors are the reasons why people want to and are pulled towards an area. There are many factors for why migrants would want to live in another country and I have listed the most common below. They are all traits of an MEDC, where most migrants migrate to. * Higher employment – as is often the case in MEDC's there is much more jobs available with much higher wages. * More wealth – In MEDC's people on average tend to have more money, due to the higher paid jobs. * Better services – More money means better services, things such as emergency personnel, education ect. * Safer, less crime – Places with more money tend to have less crime as people can afford to pay their way. * Political stability – Less chance of a political breakdown and wars breaking out. * More fertile land – less chance of losing crops and crops will be stronger and better than ever earring the farmer more money for his work. * Lower risk of natural hazards – natural disasters destroy just about everything from your home to your family. Moving away from them would be the best option. IMPACTS OF MIGRATION Immigration has both positive and its negative effects on the countries. The major problem that Mexico has with the immigration of its people to the USA is that the majority of migrants are young, without families. This means that old people are left behind in Mexico and this has no good effects on Mexico's population. The older people cannot look after themselves or even boost the population for that matter. This is truer as in Mexico it's usually the men who migrate leaving the women behind to look after their family whilst the men bring money in from a job in the USA. There is also the big problem with Mexico's economy. The country is already very poor and with most people immigrating to America to find work there is no way money is every going to get back into Mexico's economy. For this reason many people turn to the drugs business producing and exporting drugs to distribute across the USA. Although this brings money into the country its accounts for m any deaths across the country and is not taxed and therefore the government looses out again. In the USA, Immigrants cost the country millions of us dollars a year. The money is spent on enforcing the border patrols and the migrants being held for deportation. The problem the USA have is that the Mexican's take all of the low paid, labor intensive jobs and are very happy and grateful of the opportunity. Americans on the other hand are less for the idea and as the Mexicans become more popular racial attacks are often a big problem. For the USA though the Mexicans doing the low paid jobs is perfectly good for the economy, the work gets done at a low price, and the workers are enthusiastic, very great full of the opportunity they have gotten, what more could you ask for? Problems arise in America when immigrants start to gain sate benefits. With the migrants being illegal they're not on record and hence are not accounted for the distribution of benefits, America could lose lots of money through benefit fraud. WHAT IS THE USA DOING TO STOP ILLIGAL IMMIGRARTION? One of the most important methods of stopping illegal immigration America uses is border patrol security. This method involves the border between Mexico and the USA being patrolled by security officers in order to try and stop any immigrants from illegally entering the country. The officers use many methods of enforcement and even have drones that can fly the border and spot any intruders. The officers are armed and will take down anybody trying to breach security, sounds harsh but essentially what the immigrants are doing is putting the countries security at risk by crossing the border as they cannot keep tabs on who is entering. MY OPINION My opinion on Mexico-America immigration is slightly mixed. On one hand for America's sake I think that more of an effort should be made to control immigration so as not ruin both Mexico's and America's economy. This will also stop Mexico's population for dropping, which if it did drop would result in the economy of Mexico being even worse. As long as the immigration is controlled and not stopped then I am sure that the relationship will work and that America would benefit economically from it. On the other hand though it doesn't feel right not allowing the Mexicans access to America, because they're immigrants. At the end of the day the USA was originally founded by immigrants from Europe, not to mention the fact that during the Mexico-US war, the USA ‘stole' (some argue it was paid for) ; Texas, Arizona, new Mexico and California from Mexico. In my opinion they have every right to enter America as they will.